Incandescent illuminant.



0. M. THOWLESS.

INGANDESGENT ILLUMNANT.

APPLIUATION H LBD JULY 25, 1899.

905,1 1 V9.- Patented Nov. 24, 190s.

cam-Nuo M. THoWLEssf orzNEwARKfNEW JERSEY, assIeNoR '1-oH`13RBER'r'rnowLnsagl No. 9o5,'1'19.

' Lass,

. vorivnvg'raiu,NEW JERSEY. 'y I. frNcAnnEseEnTrLnUmNANm l incandescent'lamps.

' The object of myiinvention is to provide an incandescentillumina'nt-,- which, while consuming' less energy than the present tlament, shall give a moresatisfactory and better iight;

' z My improved illuminant consists, inone of its forms, of a compositebodymadei of av mixture of conducting `"and non-conducting ive portionlummous,

' thoria, or

material, surroundcd,' with the exception: of the parts necessaryA lfor,Vconnectionl with proper terminal wires,1 fpartially or completely, witha body o -mater-'i'ahl which; though normally non-conductive," possessesthe property of illuminating readily7 when heated andsubjected toth'eactilou of an elec-vw tric current.

Theluminant portion need' not be `acwith the fcomposite 'heat-ingtualContact 4 body, but may surround, or .partially surand my inventionconsists in rendering the normally non-conduct'` through becomimgaconductor when raised tureby the heat vcommunicated 4thereto by theheatingbody. f

In the accompanying drawing, Figure'l shows the luminant in the form ofan incomf plete cylinder; Fig. 2, the luminant 'as a complete cylinderand Fig. 3, incomplete' lamp containing my new illuminant.

In all the figures, a 1s the lumlnant, the heatmg body, and c. c. .areterminal Wires.

In manufacturing this new illuminant,

non-conducting material, such as mfagnesia,

the same general characteristics,'and aconducting material, such ascarbon, carbid of silicon, or some other conductonare' intimately mixedtogether, and formed into a heating body of poorelectrical conductivityas compared with carbon, which is surrounded or partially covered .i .jspciaesapa Letters Patent.' original ppiiqsion fusa mais, Vuna seau-Nefoaiea 'Divided f l sei-iai NQ. 725,113.

. a con State of New Jersey,

l descing illuminant. Thed pared, and simply form 1t to a suitabletemperasome other oxid or substancej'of with a body of mate rial which,when hea-ted, possesses the.- property, under suitable conditlons,

of becoming dnetor of electricity,

and luminous.

'j Patented-mv. 2a, reos. j and thisapplicstiouledfulya,1895. d

l The body formed'of the 4mixture'of con ducting and non-conductingmaterials,l I A shall hereafter term the heating body. It may havethe-Elementary form, orl be made into small rods or tubes, or buttons,otherform suitable to be given tov an heating body `is made of a mixtureof nonfconductors, such as ozrid' ofmagnesium',- aluminum, or otheroxid, and conductors auch'4 as carbon,`re fractory metal, or 'conductingmetallic oxids, all ina state of yfine subdivision. .The portions inthecompoun'dare such that when lthorou hlyniixedjand brought into proper tform,t e heating body will be of high resista'conduetor to thedesired'extent. v d Goodiresults maybe obtained with a heat- 111g bodycomposed of ten parts of carbon (a conducting material) andabout ninetyparts of oiiid of Vmagnesium (a non -conducting material),fbut theseproportions will Vbe varied-'t'o' suit different voltages and differentplace of manuallyA mixcandle-,powers ance, as compared with carbonfandyetbe sofA ing the non-conducting and conducting ma- 'terials for' theheating body, I may employ;

in some instances a com ound already preinto the shape desired.

.carbids,l such, con, carbid of calcium, or anyother carbid 'possessingthe' Athe heating Vbo or I may form the vmaterials forthejheatingbodyinto a plastic' state, and force them through holes, to form a heatingbody of uniform diameter. `Having thus prepared. the heating body, Isurround it wholly or partially, or bring into proximity to it acombination of materials, which, when d formedfinto the desired shape,and cold, are

nonconductors of electricity, but when heated, 'become conductors, andluminous when traversed by an electric current. A

It is well-known in the art that certain substances which arenon-conductors when 85 These' prepared compounds may be or lnstance, ascarbid of siliroperqualities requisite for cold may become conductive'and luminous.

but with many of these'subheat' is necessary and even are conductiveunderV the potential current. -In 'my by an glower I find that itreadily becomes conduct- I ive at a comparatively low temperature whentraversed by an ordinary commercial Y current ranging from 100 to 220volts, if said by applying sufficient heat cause conversion into themlxture or combination of the refractory metallic oxids or therefractory metallic oxids may be obtained in any other way desired. Whennow a current is -s'ent through the heating body, heat is developedtherein, and communicated to the lighting body, to such an extent thatit becomes a conductor of electricity, and consequently, incandescent. lWhen the illuminant is completed, there is formeda body composed of twoparts, the heating body and theiuminous or lighting body. The' heatingbody being of hlgh resistance, will pass only a smallcurrent which willbe'transformed into heat, and this heat .willbe communicated to theluminous por- -.tion', which will thereby become a conductor,

land incandescent. vThe luminous portion has the'property of giving outa great amount of light with a comparatively small current,

thus forming a very economical and eicient illuminant.v

' The completed illuminant may be inclosed in a globe or bulb exhaustedof air, or containing indiiierent gases; the leading-1nwires may beattached to both the heating and the luminous portion or the luminantmay be operated in the open air in the old and well-known way.

' The term non-conducting is intended to apply to such bodies when cold,and when 'the word surrounded is used, it is understood that the bodiesare in su'ch relation 'to each other that terminal wires may beconnected to each separately, or to both at once, in some' cases the twoportions of the illuminant not being in contact.

lVhat I claim is:

l. An illuminant for electrical incandescent lamps, consisting of aglower which is an insulator at ordinary temperatures and a relativelygood conductor when heated, com-4 I posed essentially f a mixture ofrefractory metallic oxids, combined lwith a ameless heatin body arrangedto heat the glower to a con ucting temperature.

2. An illuminant for electrical lincandescent lamps consisting of aglower which is a non-conductor at normal telnperatures but whichbecomes a good conductor when heated and which consists of a mixture ofrefractory metallic oxids, combined with an electrically heated bodyarranged to heat the glower to a conducting temperature prior to thepassage of the lightin current.

3. AnA illuminant for e ectrical incandescent lamps having a heatingbody, a light giving body, normally non-conductive but a conductor whenheated, inclosing the heating body and having fixed terminals forconducting current.

4. An im rovedglower for electrical incandescent amps which is anon-conductor at normal atmospheric temperatures but which readilybecomes conductive and incandescent under the action of an electricalcurrent when heated, oonsistin essentiall of a mixture of zirconiumoxid, t orium oxid and aluminum oxid.

5. An illuminant for incandescent electric lamps, having a heatingportion of hi h resistance as compared with carbon, and or itslight-giving portion a body normally nonconductive, but possessing thequality of becoming conductive when heated.

6. In an illuminant for incandescent lamps, the combination of a heatingbody, a light-giving portion, normally non-conductive, but a conductorwhen heated, inclosing. but out of contact with, the heating body andterminal wires connected with the heating and lightiving portionsrespectively.

7. An illuminant for incandescent electric lamps having ahigh-resistance heating body and its light-giving portion in the form ofan incomplete cylinder of refractory materials, the light-Givingportionl being out of contact with the heating ortion.

8. In an incandescent e ectric lamp of the class described, a heatinbody composed essentially of carbid of si icon.

Signed atNew York .in the county of New York and State of New York this24 day of July A. D. 1899.

` ORLANDO M. THOWLESS.

Witnesses:

WM. A. SroLAsco,

WM. LEMIEN.

' Original applicationv .filed March It is hereby certified that inLetters Patent No. 905,119, upon thev application of Orlan/do M.Thowless, ment in Incandescent Illuminants,

granted' ovemloe'2f1, 41908, of N evirark; N ew Jersejifol" animproprean error appearsl in t-h'e pivtet sfiecicton In linee of theheading, A `s, vr1999, Serial No. 708.168. Divided 'and ehi shouldbe'stricken out, and the word f requiring correction,- as follows:

application shouid iconimencexyiiith a.: capital A; and that they saidLetters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the samemay conform to tihe ecord of the ycanse in the Patenti Oce. I

- signed and sealed this 16th day of March, A. D., 1909. l

[SEAL] o. o. vBILI,I1\IGs,

Acting Commissioner of Patente. y

the vwords nd figuresI

